Texas Property Code · § 92.109

Texas Bad Faith
Security Deposit Penalties

When a Texas landlord withholds your deposit in bad faith, the law doesn't just make them give it back. It makes them pay three times what they took, plus $100, plus your attorney's fees.

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§ 92.109 — Plain English

If a landlord retains a security deposit in bad faith, the tenant may recover:

$100 flat statutory penalty
3× the amount wrongfully withheld
Reasonable attorney's fees

Key insight: The 3× multiplier applies to the amount wrongfully withheld, not the total deposit. If the landlord legitimately kept $200 for damage but wrongfully kept $800 more, the 3× applies to the $800.

What Triggers Bad Faith

Texas law creates a presumption of bad faith in specific situations. The tenant doesn't have to prove the landlord acted with malice — the law presumes it.

Missed the 30-Day Deadline

§ 92.109(a)

If the landlord fails to return the deposit or provide an itemized statement within 30 days of surrender + forwarding address, bad faith is presumed.

No Itemized Statement

§ 92.109(b)

If the landlord withheld any portion but never sent a written, itemized list of deductions, they forfeit the right to withhold anything — and bad faith is presumed.

Deductions for Normal Wear and Tear

§ 92.104(b)

Charging for normal wear and tear is explicitly prohibited. Doing so is bad faith withholding.

Fabricated or Inflated Charges

§ 92.109

Charging for damage that didn't exist, inflating repair costs, or double-charging for the same item constitutes bad faith.

Presumption vs. Proof: When bad faith is presumed, the burden shifts to the landlord to prove they acted in good faith. The tenant doesn't have to prove anything — the landlord has to disprove it.

Bad Faith Recovery Calculator

Deductions you agree were valid (if any)

Amount wrongfully withheld:$1,200
Statutory penalty:$100
3× wrongful amount:$3,600
Potential total recovery:$4,900

Plus reasonable attorney's fees if applicable. Actual amounts depend on court determination.

Example Scenarios

ScenarioWithheldWrongfulRecovery
Full deposit kept, no itemized list$1,500$1,500$6,100
$800 kept for normal wear and tear$800$800$3,300
$2,000 kept, $500 was legitimate$2,000$1,500$6,100
Deposit returned 45 days late$1,200$1,200$4,900

How Bad Faith Is Proven in Court

In most cases, you don't have to prove bad faith — the law presumes it. But here's how the process works:

Tenant's Burden (Light)

Show you surrendered the premises
Show you provided a forwarding address
Show 30+ days have passed
Show deposit was not returned (or no itemized list)

Landlord's Burden (Heavy)

Prove deductions were legitimate
Prove charges were not for normal wear and tear
Prove itemized list was sent timely
Prove they acted in good faith

This is why the presumption matters so much. Once the tenant shows the basics (moved out, gave address, 30+ days passed), the landlord has to prove they did everything right. Most can't.

What To Do If Your Landlord Acted in Bad Faith

1

Run the Free Audit

Calculate your potential recovery including the 3× multiplier and $100 penalty.

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2

Gather Your Evidence

Move-out date, forwarding address proof, any correspondence, lease copy, and photos.

Evidence Checklist
3

Send a Demand Letter

Cite § 92.109 and the specific bad faith trigger. Most landlords settle when they see the 3× penalty math.

Standard Recovery — $99
4

File in JP Court

If the landlord doesn't respond within 30 days, file in Justice of the Peace Court for up to $20,000.

Court-Ready Packet — $199

Frequently Asked Questions

Your Landlord Acted in Bad Faith. Now What?

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Standard Recovery

Professional demand letter citing § 92.109 with the full penalty calculation. Ready to mail.

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Court-Ready Packet

Everything in Standard Recovery plus JP Court petition, evidence organizer, and hearing prep.

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DepositRights provides legal information and self-help tools, not legal advice. This page does not create an attorney-client relationship.

Last reviewed: April 2026